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## 4 Input and Output (`stdio.h`)

This chapter comprises functions to manage files or other input/output streams. Among these functions are subroutines to generate or scan strings according to specifications from a format string.

The underlying facilities for input and output depend on the host system, but these functions provide a uniform interface.

The corresponding declarations are in `stdio.h`.

The reentrant versions of these functions use macros

    _stdin_r(reent)
    _stdout_r(reent)
    _stderr_r(reent)

instead of the globals `stdin`, `stdout`, and `stderr`. The argument reent is a pointer to a reentrancy structure.

• clearerr: |  | Clear file or stream error indicator
• dprintf: |  | Print to a file descriptor
• fclose: |  | Close a file
• fcloseall: |  | Close all files
• fdopen: |  | Turn an open file into a stream
• feof: |  | Test for end of file
• ferror: |  | Test whether read/write error has occurred
• fflush: |  | Flush buffered file output
• fgetc: |  | Get a character from a file or stream
• fgetpos: |  | Record position in a stream or file
• fgets: |  | Get character string from a file or stream
• fgetwc: |  | Get a wide character from a file or stream
• fgetws: |  | Get a wide character string from a file or stream
• fileno: |  | Get file descriptor associated with stream
• fmemopen: |  | Open a stream around a fixed-length buffer
• fopen: |  | Open a file
• fopencookie: |  | Open a stream with custom callbacks
• fpurge: |  | Discard all pending I/O on a stream
• fputc: |  | Write a character on a stream or file
• fputs: |  | Write a character string in a file or stream
• fputwc: |  | Write a wide character to a file or stream
• fputws: |  | Write a wide character string to a file or stream
• fread: |  | Read array elements from a file
• freopen: |  | Open a file using an existing file descriptor
• fseek: |  | Set file position
• __fsetlocking: |  | Set or query locking mode on FILE stream
• fsetpos: |  | Restore position of a stream or file
• ftell: |  | Return position in a stream or file
• funopen: |  | Open a stream with custom callbacks
• fwide: |  | Set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream
• fwrite: |  | Write array elements from memory to a file or stream
• getc: |  | Get a character from a file or stream (macro)
• getc_unlocked: |  | Get a character from a file or stream (macro)
• getchar: |  | Get a character from standard input (macro)
• getchar_unlocked: |  | Get a character from standard input (macro)
• getdelim: |  | Get character string from a file or stream
• getline: |  | Get character string from a file or stream
• gets: |  | Get character string from standard input (obsolete)
• getw: |  | Get a word (int) from a file or stream
• getwchar: |  | Get a wide character from standard input
• mktemp: |  | Generate unused file name
• open_memstream: |  | Open a write stream around an arbitrary-length buffer
• perror: |  | Print an error message on standard error
• putc: |  | Write a character on a stream or file (macro)
• putc_unlocked: |  | Write a character on a stream or file (macro)
• putchar: |  | Write a character on standard output (macro)
• putchar_unlocked: |  | Write a character on standard output (macro)
• puts: |  | Write a character string on standard output
• putw: |  | Write a word (int) to a file or stream
• putwchar: |  | Write a wide character to standard output
• remove: |  | Delete a file’s name
• rename: |  | Rename a file
• rewind: |  | Reinitialize a file or stream
• setbuf: |  | Specify full buffering for a file or stream
• setbuffer: |  | Specify full buffering for a file or stream with size
• setlinebuf: |  | Specify line buffering for a file or stream
• setvbuf: |  | Specify buffering for a file or stream
• sprintf: |  | Write formatted output
• sscanf: |  | Scan and format input
• stdio_ext: |  | Access internals of FILE structure
• swprintf: |  | Write formatted wide character output
• swscanf: |  | Scan and format wide character input
• tmpfile: |  | Create a temporary file
• tmpnam: |  | Generate name for a temporary file
• ungetc: |  | Push data back into a stream
• ungetwc: |  | Push wide character data back into a stream
• vfwprintf: |  | Format variable wide character argument list
• vfwscanf: |  | Scan and format argument list from wide character input

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